SIPA Professor Appointed Chair of Advisory Board of the UNDEF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Professor Appointed Chair of Advisory Board of the UNDEF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The faculty members who teach at SIPA bring both strong academic and professional backgrounds to the classroom.   SIPA has approximately 60 full-time faculty members along with 100 practitioner faculty members per year. SIPA professor Michael Doyle was recently appointed by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to a new term as Chair of the Advisory Board of the United Nations Democracy Fund (UNDEF).   Professor Doyle is the Harold Brown Professor of U.S. Foreign and Security Policy at SIPA.   He holds joint appointments in the Columbia Law School and in the Political Science Department.   He specializes in human rights, international relations, security, and international organizations. Professor Doyles full profile, along with the profile of all core, adjunct, affiliated, and research faculty can be found by visiting the faculty directory page on the faculty page of SIPA Web site.

Gandhis Vision and Life in Attenboroughs Films - 1172 Words

Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948), the man, the legend, is still echoing in the contemporary world. He had a vision for his birthplace, in the wake of colonization and war, to be tolerant, violent-free and neutral towards all religions. Gandhi had chosen the secular state, that is, the state that was neutral but not hostile to religions (Parel Brown, 2011, p. 161). He rejected what was considered progressive and fashionable; to put the responsibility of state cruelty on the victims, criticizing them for fighting excesses. Subsequently, affording the perpetrators an opportunity to inflict more punishment on the people. Through discussing Gandhi’s philosophical approach and Attenborough’s film successes in depicting his ideas, this essay will demonstrate how Gandhi’s vision and life relates to that of the Sufi Sheikh and monk in Al Mureed and Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter and Spring Again films respectively. During the early 1940s, India was going through a historical turmoil agianst British colonization. Gandhi, among others, refused submission to the perpetrators. He realized that submission demeans human dignity and ensures absolute slavery. They see life only in terms of jobs, even if menial in nature, and some sort of economic benefits even if these are leftovers of what is rightfully yours. Their advocacy is for grooming people to become well-fed slaves instead of accepting temporary hardships for a life of freedom and dignity. For them submission is a supreme virtueShow MoreRelatedQuaid E Azam7455 Words   |  30 Pagesafter Pakistan gained independence from the British Empire. Contents [hide] 1 Early life 1.1 Years in England 1.2 Western influences on personal life 1.3 Return to India 2 Early political career 3 Fourteen points 4 Leader of the Muslim League 5 Founding of Pakistan 6 Jinnahs vision for Pakistan 7 Governor-General 8 Illness and death 9 Legacy 10 Criticism 11 Notes 12 References 13 External links [edit]Early life Jinnah in his youth, in traditional dress. Jinnah was born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai (Gujarati:

Sports Sports And Sporting Activities - 1568 Words

In the United States today there is a heavy emphasis placed on sports and sporting activities. Every public school, middle and up, offers some sporting program, and most private schools do as well. The real issue at question is whether sports are affecting the education of students and young adults, who may have carried their sporting career into college. In general, people of all ages spend a lot of time both in person and on TV watching sports, not to mention those who are actively participating in the sporting event. With sports taking up most of a student s free time, some pose the concern that sports are taking too much time, and the students are unable to focus on their education. One may even make the argument that the United States culture as a whole focuses more on the success in sporting activities than they do the quality and level of academics that student athletes uphold. However this is untrue, it hardly ever comes up in domestic debates about America s international me diocrity in education† (Bowen and Hitt). With that being said, it is safe to say that sports have considerably more benefits than they do drawbacks. Sports are an excellent way to help to teach students of all levels many different valuable skills that can translate over into their chosen work field, or just life in general. Although the United States ranks lower than others academically, sports help students of all ages with both leadership and teamwork skills, as well as being an exemplaryShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Nascar On American Sports Culture And Socio Economic Activities1750 Words   |  7 PagesThe impact of NASCAR in the American sports culture and socio-economic activities National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is an imagined community that promoted nationalism in the US. Anderson Benedict categorically presented insightful information about the imagined communities through his numerous pieces of writing. He noted that the imagined communities promoted social integration, sporting activities among the US people, economic growth and cultural practices that include a newRead MoreFigueroas Framework973 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual’s decision to participate in physical activity. These factors change throughout an individual’s life. For example, some children start playing sport because it is fun; others may join a sporting group because their older brother or sister plays that sport. A new sporting complex may open nearby and provide a chance to try a new sport. Coaching clinics might inspire some people to give a sport a go. Teachers can provide both positive and negative sporting experiences. At school, peers can changeRead MoreHow Sports Affect Society1566 Words   |  7 Pages 2013 How sport affects society From the earliest chapters of history, sports have been part of humanity. This can be proved by the games that were played in Mayan and Egypt civilization. Games such as hockey, rugby and football has had what one can call religious following while athletics are characterized by massive celebrations. The importance of sports in the society is gaining increased recognition from both the social and education points of view. Relevant sporting organizationsRead MoreEssay on Figerouas Framework1149 Words   |  5 Pages* Equity affects nearly all aspects of our lives none less than sports such as beach volleyball. Sport is an integral part of today’s society and as such, sport should be organised, participated in and distributed in an equitable manner.The aim of equity in sports is to encourage all people, regardless of age, gender, disability or ethnic origin to participate in and develop their potential within sport. Disputes over equity have been apparent in our society for hundreds of years, over such thingsRead MoreSports Management1026 Words   |  5 PagesSPORTS AND games have been a part of human civilization from times immemorial. Sports and games provide a wonderful opportunity for  holistic development  of our body and mind. It inculcates a spirit of healthy competition and a true sense of patriotism within us. With the passage of time a lot of changes have taken place in the sporting world. In the beginning of the 21st century it is clearly evident that a huge amount of money, glamour, name, fame, media exposure and fan following has become anRead MoreThe Sporting Goods Manufacturing Industry Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pagesbuying power, and a weak economy hinders on consumer’s ability to purchase goods and services. The Sporting goods manufacturing industry relies on a strong economy to be successful. The industry has been able to bounce back from the recession in 2008 and later years due to the economy of the United States a nd other country’s rebounding. The U.S. personal income which drives consumers demands for sporting goods equipment rose by 3.1% in August of 2016. This is a comparison to the same month in 2015.Read MoreSports Development Essay509 Words   |  3 PagesSports Development Task 1 Scenario: You are on a work placement at the local Sports Development Unit, which is currently reviewing its methods of sports development. You are part of a team responsible for helping it to investigate this, and the hope is that it will further improve its work in the local community at all levels and the areas of sports provision. Part a Identify and describe the key concepts used to promote sporting opportunities and provisionsRead MoreThe Impact Of Sporting Activities On Sporting Events1394 Words   |  6 PagesSporting activities have had major impacts worldwide for quite some time. Within that period of time, various issues have emanated from such activities and had various influences. According to the article written and published by Jamal L. R. on 10th November 2015, racial discrimination on sporting events, as well as the dynamics of the race and sport from 1968 to 2008 is focused on. In his research, Jamal mainly uses content analysis on the happenings, which had major impact especially on the blacksRead MoreCause And Effect Of Fantasy Sports On Fans And Professional Sports951 Words   |  4 PagesCause and Effect of Fantasy Sports on Fans and Professional Sports Fantasy sports are a popular activity in the contemporary world today. More than 32 million people across the world are participating in this activity. In 2009, it was estimated that 27 million people living in North America participated in this popular sporting activity. In this sport, the competition among individual participants is based on an online environment. Further, this activity has grown into a pop-culture (Howie Luke,Read MoreThe Contribution of Sports to the Caribbean656 Words   |  3 PagesSport  refers to all forms of  competitive  physical activity  which,  through casual or organized participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and provide  entertainment  to participants. Over the years, many people in the Caribbean have overlooked the importance of sporting activity; however sport has made several contributions to the development of the region. Firstly, sport has the potential to be a source for the generation of increased income for the region, if it is marketed in

Money Is Personal Best Friend Free Essays

Money is personal best friend â€Å"Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. † ~ Jean Paul Sartre everyone uses money. We all want it, work for it and think about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Money Is Personal Best Friend or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you don’t know what money is, you are not like most humans. However, the task of defining what money is, where it comes from and what it’s worth belongs to those who dedicate themselves to the discipline of economics. While the creation and growth of money seems somewhat intangible, money is the way we get the things we need and want. Here we look at the multifaceted characteristics of money. This investment vehicle is often the perfect stop-gap measure for growing your money. Before the development of a medium of exchange, people would barter to obtain the goods and services they needed. This is basically how it worked: two individuals each possessing a commodity the other wanted or needed would enter into an agreement to trade their goods. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Money is not the only measure of success in life For most people in our modern-capitalism world, money is the first thing, and sometimes the only thing that measures success in their life. Money can buy power. Money can buy fame. Money can buy time. Sometimes money can even buy a life. So money has become the first common goal for everybody. However, there is something else that can be the measurement of success in life. One important thing that defines success in our lives is our careers. With different careers, we will have different goals and measurements of our success. If you are an athlete, your success can be measured by lots of things such as wining tournaments, breaking records, playing in the top league or competing in the Olympics. If you are a scientist, the success in your life will mostly depend on your researches. One line of formula that can prove your theory is true can be the great success in your life. If you are a writer, you will probably succeed if your book gets on the best-selling shelf in the bookstore or if your works get published in a magazine. If you are a musician, playing in the country’s orchestra or a number of your CDs that have been sold can be counted as the measurement of your success. So we can see that another measurement of success in your life besides money is how much you have succeeded in your career. Success in human life is often measured by numbers. Therefore, everything that can be counted can be used as a measurement. Again, these measurements vary with each career. If you are an athlete maybe it is the number of tournaments or the number of matches you have won. But if you are a writer, it is probably the number of your books that have been sold out or if you are a musician it might be the number of your CDs. Sometimes it could be even a silly thing like the number of girlfriends you have. In fact, it is human nature that we always want to compare ourselves to others. In almost every career there is money involved, and maybe that is the reason why people always look at money as primary measurement of their success – they can easily compare it with the others. The other measurement of success in our lives is awards. For the scientists one of the greatest accomplishments in their life is to win a Nobel Prize, for the writers there is the Pulitzer award, for actors and actresses there is an academy award, for musicians a Grammy’s and so on. These things are different from the other measurements in that it is judged by other people not ourselves. Besides those measurements we can compare them with other people or let other people measure our success, sometimes just accomplishing our wishes or dreams can be measures of success in our lives. So it does not matter that you have won the world championships or just the tournament in your school, working in the biggest company in the country or just set up your small company. If it is your dream, you have already succeeded in your life. The common goal in people’s life is to be peaceful and happy. Being the richest man in the world does not mean you are the happiest man in the world, although money can buy you happiness sometimes, but not always. So another measurement of success you are in your is how happy your life is. It might be having a warm family and children, having lots of friends or maybe just having someone who truly loves you. In addition, as times change, the measurement of success in life also changes. For examples, wealth, thing that many people use to judge success in one’s life, is changing when time has passed. Thousands of years ago when humans were still a cavemen, it might have been how big you cave was. Hundreds of years ago it might have been how big your land was. Today it is how much money is in your bank account, so maybe in the future it might be something else. In conclusion, the measurement of success in your live can be many things. It just depends on time, what goals you have and who is the one doing the judging Money is just the first common, one but it is not the only one †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Our living conditions  are gradually improving and  thus  our need  of money  for daily life is on the increase. It is obvious that money is very  helpful  to us, but in addition to  its  benefits, there are many downsides that it has brought  into life. Firstly, money brings about a lot of  advantages as seen from the fact. We use it to equip our houses with furniture, to buy food, clothes and all other things we need to live comfortably. Money is an essential precondition for every student to go to school and for every patient to see a doctor. Moreover, we can use it for charity to help  compensate somewhat our  unfortunate feeling / sense of duty  by making material / financial  contributions. Without money, our living conditions  would be  penurious  / poor,  and  very hard to meet the minimum requirements  / basic needs  in life, which is simply eating or drinking. Apart from those advantages,  money has brought us  numerous downsides. First of all, it makes us grasping. Money is  undoubtedly  very valuable in life, the more money we earn, the more materials we have. Therefore, people always try their best to earn as much money as possible due to their desire to have a better life. Some, however, do not. They want more money simply because of their rivalries. They wish to be as wealthy as millionaires or billionaires  without working for it. This  undeliberat  / unreasonable attitude to life is contrary to  morality. Secondly, money rules over  evil-doing  behaviours  / evil deeds. Earning money legitimately is a difficult task, but some people want it to be an easy one by  committing  conscienceless  / irresponsible  acts which are likely to be robbing or murdering. They are not alive to the fact that such behaviours can end them up in prison. / The road of their lives is certainly not to become criminal and end up in prison. In  other  words, whether money does  us  good or harm  it  depends greatly on our perception of it. With money in our hands, we should let it be our servants, not our masters in order to build a better and better world where no crimes exist. / We should consider the money in our hands to be our servant, not our master in order to build an increasingly better world without crimes. How to cite Money Is Personal Best Friend, Essay examples

The Problem of Reading of Children with Learning Disabilities

A learning disability is a rather popular problem of the children that causes trouble in the process of education and using certain skills.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Problem of Reading of Children with Learning Disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Problem Statement Some children have impaired learning ability. There is no precise definition of learning disability except for the fact that it is characterized by a decrease in school performance and lag in the mastering of school knowledge. â€Å"Approximately 6.5 million students with disabilities are served in America’s public schools, with 44.4% of them being diagnosed with a learning disability† (Swanson Vaughn, 2010). Their problems are sufficiently severe to solve and require professional help. Specialized organizations should pay more attention to programs for disabled students as it is the only way to improve studentsâ €™ academic performance. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) obliged almost all higher educational institutions to provide the disabled students with some level of services helping them in education. Special education and services provided for students with SLD often are specialized instructions for developing of academic compensatory skills. â€Å"The majority of students with SLD receive most of their instruction in the general education setting with supplemental specialized instruction and support provided by certified special education teachers† (Scholten, 2011). Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 4 Article 5 Author (Year) Beate Peter, Mark Matsushit and Wendy H. Raskind Jason L. Anthony,a Rachel Greenblatt Aghara, Martha J. Dunkelberger, Teresa I. Anthony,a Jeffrey M. Williams,a and Zhou Zhanga (2011) Elizabeth B. Meisinger Juliana S. Bloom George W. Hynd (2010) Elizabeth A. Swanson and Sharon Vaughn (2010) Wise, Lauress L. (2010) Title of Journal Global Processing Speed in Children With Low Reading Ability and in Children and Adults With Typical Reading Ability: Exploratory Factor Analytic Models (2011) What Factors Place Children With Speech Sound Disorders at Risk for Reading Problems? American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology Reading fluency: implications for the assessment of children with reading disabilities. An observation study of reading instruction provided to elementary students with learning disabilities in the resource room. Psychology in the Schools. Accessible Reading Assessments For Students with Disabilities: Summary and Conclusions, Applied Measurement in Education Name the specific Research Design To investigate processing speed as a latent dimension in children with dyslexia and children and adults with typical reading skills. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research To identify weaknesses in print awareness and phonological processing that place children with speech sound disorders (SSDs) at increased risk for reading difficulties. To demonstrate superior diagnostic utility of reading fluency to identify children with reading disabilities. To observe reading instruction provided by 10 special education resource-room teachers. To examine factors that make reading assessments more accessible to students with disabilities, and illustrate several different methods of analyzing the Degree to which accommodations change important characteristics Research Question Guiding the article (In your own words) What are the weaknesses in print awareness and phonological processing? What is the role of reading fluency in identifying children with reading disabilities? What effective reading instruction and grouping strategies do teachers use for achieving the academic progress of their students? How do the accommodations impact on test score validity? Main Findings/ Claims (Paraphrase and summarize main findings only) Children with poor reading scores showed lower speed factor scores than did typical peers. The speed factor was negatively correlated with age in the adults. The difference in phonological awareness and reading between groups of children with SSDs and a language matched comparison group Reading fluency is a key tool of assessment the reading disability among children. Students reached significantly high rates in oral reading fluency but hardly increased their standard scores on measures of comprehension or word reading. Large Printand Brailletestified that students perform slightly better on writing items and less well on reading items; Segmenting Reading Passagesshowed an increase in test Score reliability for students with disabilities while reliability for students without Disability remained unchanged. Read-Aloud presentationof passages and test questions showed score gains From audio presentation for students with disabilities. What evidence do they provide? Evidence for a global speed factor includes the observation that processing s peed across a variety of task types increases during childhood and adolescence and then declines again, possibly as a function of white matter volume and integrity across the life span. The difference is explained by individual differences in underlying representation-related phonological abilities and their weaknesses in quality and accessibility of phonological representations. the fact that many adult dyslexics experience difficulties with reading fluency even after becoming accurate word readers, and intervention research has shown that it is harder to attain improvements in reading fluency compared to improvements in reading comprehension, decoding, and word identification skills (Lyon and Moats, 1997; Meyer and Felton, 1999; Torgesen, Rashotte, Alexander, 2001). (a) students benefit from explicit and systematic instruction, (b) foundation skills such as phonemic awareness and phonics/word study are essential elements of instruction, (c) higher processing skills such as fluenc y, vocabulary, and comprehension are essential from the beginning of reading instruction, and (d) students who have difficulties benefit from smaller group instruction. Large Printand Braille forms provided minor evidence for item-level accommodation Effects. Segmenting Reading Passagesshowed no significant score gains for either students With or without disabilities and showed slightly decreased correlations With teacher ratings of reading proficiency. Read-Aloud Accommodation leads to different factor loadings and thus a potentially Changed construct. Internal Validity Is the evidence convincing? Explain why or why not. The evidences are proved by extensive factual basis, a multi-step analysis of data. The evidences are convincing. The research was carried out using an interconnected set of theoretical and empirical research methods. The reliability of study results is provided by its conduct, based on recent advances philosophical, psychological, linguistic and pedagogical scie nces. The evidences are convincing although student achievement did improve, it did not do so at a rate that allows a closing of the gap between achievement among students with LD and students without LD. The evidence is not convincing, because substantive findings represented the works in their progress and showed Mixed or even conflicting results that beg for further investigation. Where was the study conducted? University of Washington, Seattle University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston a university-based clinic Center for Preventing Educational Risk at The University of Texas at Austin. Human Resources Research Organization Type of Sampling Stratified sampling Not mentioned Not mentioned Purposive sampling Stratified sampling External Validity Can you generalize to your setting and population? Why or why not? The study provides data that could be used in my further research It contributes new insights into the problem of reading disability The work contains helpful data for my related research Findings could contribute my further work The article provides results and statistics that could be used in my work. How will this study inform your project or thesis? The study will be useful source of information about the low reading ability This research paper contain information about identification of factors responsible for the increased risk of reading difficulties among children with SSDs. The study provides helpful information on detecting reading problems using reading fluency. The results of this study provide helpful data and could be used for my further researches. The components of effective reading instruction can serve as a guide to types of learning The articles examined different methods that could be helpful for study of the impact of accommodations for varying groups of students with disabilities. Conclusions A learning disability is a general term that describes the significant difficulties in the mastery of one or more of the following skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, logical reasoning and arithmetic. But a reading disability is the most popular disorder among children. The disorder is a lifelong issue. However, right support and professional assessment could help children succeed in school and later in life. The articles discuss the reading problem of children. They examine the scientific views on diagnosing and correcting the problem as well as the methods of assessment of students with LD (Meisinger, Bloom Hynd, 2010). The approaches to solution of reading disability vary depending on the cause of the disorder.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Treatment of dyslexia is a comprehensive approach, including non-pharmacological intervention to exercise cognitive functions associated with the alleged nature of the underlying problem, and / or their consolidation as a compensatory mechanism (Jason, Greenblatt, Zhang, 2011). A balanced program of rehabilitation involves individual training, including systematic studies on the development of skills to identify phonemes, voice possession, fluency of reading and expanding of vocabulary (Swanson Vaughn, 2010). Well coordinated treatment program also includes opportunities to develop skills in writing, reading and discussion of the reading (Wise, 2010). A number of effective standardized methods of training are aimed at specific components related to the problems of phonological coding. References Beate, P., Matsushita, M. H., Raskind, W. (2011). Global processing speed in children with low reading ability and in children and adults with typical reading ability: explanatory factor analytic models. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 54(3), 885-899. Jason, L. A., Greenblatt, A. R., Dunkelberger, J. M., Anthony, I. A., Williams. M. J., Zhang, Z. (2011). What factors place children with speech sound disorder s at risk for reading problems? American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 20, 146-160. Meisinger, E. B., Bloom, J. S., Hynd, G.W. (2010). Reading fluency: Implications for the assessment of children with reading disabilities. Annals of Dyslexia, 60, 1-17. Scholten, (2011). The A.D.D. Guidebook. empowermentplus.org. Retrieved from https://drteeyascholten.com/pdf/guidebook_reading_problems_p75to80.pdfAdvertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Problem of Reading of Children with Learning Disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Swanson, E. A., Vaughn, S. (2010). An observation study of reading instruction provided to elementary students with learning disabilities in the resource room. Psychology in the Schools, 47(5), 481–492. Wise, L. L. (2010). Accessible Reading Assessments for Students with Disabilities: Summary and Conclusions. Applied Measurement in Education, 23, 209-214. This assessment on The Problem of Reading of Children with Learning Disabilities was written and submitted by user Braelynn Rose to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Journal Essays

Journal Essays Journal Essay Journal Essay As far as disciplines are concerned in such a vast scientific world that people circulate in, when psychology was conceived and eventually became a separate field of concentration, it has become perhaps one of the most popular courses and career any individual would want to venture in. The main concerns however are left for aficionados to speculate that the study of human behavior, its scientific explorations on the human mind and its mental processes is also a very complex and quite difficult arena (Papalia et al, 2002). There are theories and theorists that abound to posit on the description, explanation or understanding and prediction (and if possible, modification or control) of behavior among human organisms. Despite the modern breakthroughs, there lies a tension between what has been known and what are still unknown on the creature called man (Bernstein, 1991).This paper is anchored on the understanding that psychology actually pertains to the human psyche which is the equivalent of the soul and/or spirit where insights, knowledge and understanding reside. Where this is the central issue, spirituality similarly is attracted to the human mind where the attention that much of the Christian doctrine is also supposed to attend to or has been prepared to change. The observations made by Jean Piaget are translated to their applicability to counseling, to culture and to the biblical worldview. The author therefore attempts to present a prà ©cis on the premise and/or presupposition of Piaget and what this theorist wanted to convey towards the development of personhood specifically in the cognitive domains or aspects of the human individualPiaget’s Cognitive Stages of DevelopmentIntroductionMany of the theories today get their ideas from theorists of the earlier years and mushroom them to the world of science attracting their own followers. Piaget is considered a pioneer however in his field. His presuppositions mainly point to the person’s acting or operating on his/her environment which enables the development to put into motion or enable the person to develop in his cognition.To put into more detail, Piaget’s theory of cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains an understanding of his or her world through the interaction and influence of genetic and learning factors. Jean Piaget, who was both a biologist and psychologist, developed one of the most influential theories of cognitive development. Piaget’s work led to the current view that children are actively involved in their own cognitive development. By active involvement, Piaget meant that children are constantly striving to understand what they encounter, and in such encounters they form their own guesses or hypotheses about how the world works (Atkinson 1993).Piaget’s cognitive stages refer to four different stages – sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages – each of which is more advanced than the preceding stage because it involves new reasoning and thinking abilities (Papalia et al, 2002). Although Piaget believed that all people go through the same four cognitive stages, he acknowledged that they may go through the stages at different rates. Piaget’s hypothesis that cognitive development occurs in stages was one of his unique contributions to developmental psychology (Atkinson 1993).The cognitive changes that occur in various stages of development are influenced by the individual’s adaptation which can come in the form of either or both assimilation or accommodation. Assimilation is the easier process of the two where the brain or the mind is concerned, according to Piaget. Assimilation is fitting in the new material coming from the environment by transforming the data in the individual’s internal senses. As this happens, the individual hardly feels any difficulty concerning the change that is occurring. Contrariwise, though both occur in a child or individual together, accommodation usually happens when the person or child’s present explanation of the way things work is inadequate or insufficient and the child or individual must change his/her way of explaining these things hence, must accomm odate that which is the newer theory (Atherton 2005).Implications to CounselingOperating on assumptions held by Piaget, there are many considerations that may come up when Piaget and his theory is to be applied to a counseling setting. His proposition of the nature of assimilation and accommodation helps the counselor see the basic issues that surround a person in specific stages as Piaget had described in the four cognitive developmental stages (Piaget, 1936; Bernstein et al, 1991). Supposing the concerned individual happens to be a child who might be approximately three years of age and hence as hypothesized would be within the preoperational stage, the counselor would find it hard to convince the child of cause and effect with particular temper problems if the counselor lacks full understanding of the stage as presupposed by Piaget considering that the child tends to stay egocentric and incapable of seeing other persons’ viewpoint (Piaget, 2000).Implications to CulturePeop le who adopt the Piagetian approach would tend to think that their world would be based on what they contributed to it rather than a set of made-up guidelines or rules. Since Piaget theorized that people or children act on their environment (Piaget and Inhelder, 1948) and not mere absorbers of it (Morgan, 1977), then, it would follow that people should not just expect that an absolute set of truth or values applied to various parts of living is expected (Piaget, 1936). It means that people tend to be reflective on a relative truth or rules, ones that they themselves constructed rather than what are already made for them to follow.Culture in a sense becomes evolving, because it depends on how people construct their world and as people become active participants of what happens to this world, it is understood then that the culture that follows will be constantly changing.Implications to a Biblical WorldviewThe Bible holds that there is such a thing as absolute truth applied to rules t hat govern people’s thinking, behavior and consequent kind of culture. The world becomes a better place when people who live in it are governed by God’s rules; whose minds are renewed by God through His word. This expressed best in the letter of Paul to the Romans: And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God (12: 2, NKJV).In addition the best reference for the reality and need of absolute truth is found in another passage of the Bible where Paul addressing his letter to Timothy clearly reiterated this idea. All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work (2 Timothy 3:16, NKJV). This means that man cannot contribute to what God has made already and only needs to submit or actively obey with what God’s word has definitely spoken because His Word is perfect and complete and enough for man and his existence.

French Media and Communication Vocabulary

French Media and Communication Vocabulary Media is all around us and frequently comes up in both casual and professional conversation. Learning French vocabulary for communication and media will help you share ideas in French and understand other French speakers. News les actualità ©s: newslactualità ©: current affairsles mà ©dias: the media TV and Radio le cà ¢ble: cable TVla chaà ®ne: channella chaà ®ne publique: public service stationun(e) envoyà ©(e) spà ©cial(e): special reporterune à ©mission: programle journal: news bulletinle lecteur de DVD: DVD playerle magnà ©tophone: tape recorderle magnà ©toscope: VCRla publicità ©: advertisementla radio: radiole reporter: reporterla retransmission: broadcastla tà ©là ©: TVla tà ©là ©vision: television Print Media le journal: newspaperle/la journaliste: reporterle kiosque: newsstandle magazine: magazinela petite annonce: classified adla revue: scholarly or informational publication, journal Computer le courriel, email, mà ©l:  emaille fournisseur daccà ¨s Internet: ISP (internet service provider)lInternet: internetle Minitel: public access information system created by France Tà ©là ©comle navigateur: (internet) browserun ordinateur: computer Letter Writing une adresse: addressla boà ®te aux lettres: mailboxla carte postale: postcardle courrier: (snail) maille destinataire: recipient, To:une enveloppe: envelopelexpà ©diteur: sender, From:la lettre: letterle paquet, le colis: packagela poste: post officele timbre: stamp On the Phone While there are specialized vocabulary words related to using the phone, there are also a number of useful phrases that are commonly used when talking on the phone. la cabine tà ©là ©phonique: telephone boothle fax: fax (machine)la messagerie vocale: voice maille mobile: cell phonela pià ¨ce (de monnaie): coinle rà ©pondeur: answering machinela tà ©là ©carte: phonecardle tà ©là ©phone: telephone Communication Verbs appeler: to calldire: to sayà ©couter la radio: to listen to the radioà ©crire: to writeenvoyer (par la poste): to mail, sendenvoyer par email: to emailenvoyer par fax, faxer: to faxlire: to readtà ©là ©phoner : to call